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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник дерматологии и венерологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-4609</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-6294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Rossijskoe Obschestvo Dermatovenerologov i Kosmetologov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1224</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25208/vdv1224</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Bacterial vaginosis: controversial issues</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Бактериальный вагиноз: дискуссионные вопросы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-8303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khryanin</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрянин</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>khryanin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-2889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knorring</surname><given-names>German Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кнорринг</surname><given-names>Герман Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>knorring@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Association of obstetrician-gynecologists and dermatologists, RPA</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">РОО «Ассоциация акушеров-гинекологов и дерматовенерологов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Khryanin A.A., Knorring G.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Хрянин А.А., Кнорринг Г.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khryanin A.A., Knorring G.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хрянин А.А., Кнорринг Г.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/1224">https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/1224</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The purpose of the review.</bold> Consideration of the most controversial issues regarding the possibility of sexual transmission of BV-associated microorganisms (bacterias) in women and men.</p> <p><bold>Basic provisions.</bold> Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disease associated with an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (including human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus) in women and their male sexual partners. BV is characterized by polymicrobial transformations caused by <italic>Gardnerella vaginalis</italic>, which is the main etiological microorganism of this disease. <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> has a proven ability to form microbial biofilms on the mucosal surface. As a rule, from 10 to 12 different <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> genotypes can simultaneously reside in one biofilm, which provides it with a longer lifespan and viability. It has been shown that microorganisms in the biofilm acquire properties that reduce sensitivity to standard etiotropic therapy even at high doses of antibiotics. It was found that the cause of BV is a polymicrobial gardnerella biofilm, all components of which are transferred as a whole (for example, with the help of “key” cells), including during sexual contact. In this regard, the article discusses the possibility of using a new term — “biofilm gardnerellosis”, which more accurately reflects the essence of this problem. Microbial biofilms organized by <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> are found in a significant number of women with BV and their sexual partners.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель обзора.</bold> Рассмотрение наиболее дискуссионных вопросов относительно возможности передачи БВ-ассоциированных микроорганизмов (бактерий) половым путем у женщин и мужчин.</p> <p><bold>Основные положения.</bold> Бактериальный вагиноз (БВ) — широко распространенное заболевание, связанное с повышенным риском заражения инфекциями, передаваемыми половым путем (включая вирус папилломы человека и вирус иммунодефицита человека) у женщин и их половых партнеров-мужчин. Для БВ характерны полимикробные трансформации, обусловленные <italic>Gardnerella vaginalis</italic>, которая является основным этиологическим микроорганизмом этого заболевания. <italic>G. vaginalis </italic>обладает доказанной способностью к формированию на поверхности слизистой оболочки микробных биопленок. Как правило, в одной биопленке может одновременно находиться от 10 до 12 различных генотипов <italic>G. vaginalis</italic>, что обеспечивает ей большую длительность существования и жизнеспособность. Показано, что микроорганизмы, находящиеся в биопленке, приобретают свойства, снижающие чувствительность к стандартной этиотропной терапии даже при повышенных дозах антибиотиков. Установлено, что причиной БВ является полимикробная гарднереллезная биопленка, все компоненты которой переносятся целиком (например, при помощи «ключевых» клеток), в том числе и во время полового контакта. В связи с этим в статье обсуждается возможность использования нового термина — «биопленочный гарднереллез», который более точно отражает суть данной проблемы. Микробные биопленки, организованные <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> имеются у значительного количества женщин с БВ и их половых партнеров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial vaginosis</kwd><kwd>Gardnerella vaginalis</kwd><kwd>BV-associated bacteria</kwd><kwd>sexual transmission</kwd><kwd>bacterial biofilms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальный вагиноз</kwd><kwd>БВ-ассоциированные бактерии</kwd><kwd>Gardnerella vaginalis</kwd><kwd>половой путь передачи</kwd><kwd>бактериальные биопленки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis: 2001–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. 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