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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник дерматологии и венерологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-4609</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-6294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Rossijskoe Obschestvo Dermatovenerologov i Kosmetologov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25208/vdv1292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The genetic determinants of <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> resistance to antimicrobial drugs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические детерминанты резистентности <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> к антимикробным препаратам</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-7694</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8261-6561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verbenko</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вербенко</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>verbenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6841-8599</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1486-3284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomka</surname><given-names>Victoria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломка</surname><given-names>Виктория Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н.</p></bio><email>solomka@cnikvi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-363X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3574-4048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Ирина Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела лабораторной диагностики ИППП и дерматозов</p></bio><email>ikozlova_work@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7625-0503</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8771-4990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubanov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубанов</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>alex@cnikvi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-20"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Verbenko D.A., Solomka V.S., Kozlova I.V., Kubanov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Вербенко Д.А., Соломка В.С., Козлова И.В., Кубанов А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Verbenko D.A., Solomka V.S., Kozlova I.V., Kubanov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вербенко Д.А., Соломка В.С., Козлова И.В., Кубанов А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/1292">https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/1292</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review is devoted to the appearance of resistance of a slowly developing disease — leprosy — to antimicrobial therapy (AMP), primarily recommended by the World Health Organization. The main danger of drug resistant leprosy is in the difficulty of identifying, since the causative agent of the disease is not cultivated on artificial media, and the methods for diagnosing drug resistance that are currently used take a long time. The drug resistance of the <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> strain even to individual components of combination drug therapy result to the development of symptoms of the disease despite undergo anti-leprosy therapy, which in turn can cause the patient to become disabled. Currently, in the Russian Federation, there is no approved test for detecting <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> DNA, and the determination of genetic determinants of resistance is carried out by sequencing genome regions determined by WHO recommendations: small <italic>gyrA</italic>, <italic>folP</italic> and <italic>rpoB</italic> genes loci. At the same time, modern studies in endemic regions reveal an increased level of <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> strains resistant to individual components of combined drug therapy. The use of next generation sequencing (NGS) has made it possible to identify additional genetic determinants of leprosy resistance to the components of combination drug therapy. The current situation is relevant to antimicrobal drug resistance surveillance by using of quick identification systems for most frequent genetic resistance determinants of <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic>.</p> <p>The literature search was carried out using keywords in the Scopus, PubMed and RSCI databases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обзор посвящен развитию устойчивости возбудителя лепры — бактерии <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> к терапии антимикробными препаратами (АМП), в первую очередь рекомендованными Всемирной организацией здравоохранения. Особенностью лекарственной устойчивости лепры является сложность выявления, поскольку возбудитель заболевания не культивируется на искусственных средах, а используемые в настоящее время методы диагностики лекарственной устойчивости требуют длительного времени либо специального оснащения лабораторий и высокой квалификации персонала. Лекарственная устойчивость штамма <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> даже к отдельным компонентам комбинированной лекарственной терапии приводит к развитию симптоматики заболевания, несмотря на применение противолепрозной терапии, что в свою очередь может стать причиной инвалидизации больного. В настоящее время в Российской Федерации не существует ни одного разрешенного к применению теста, выявляющего ДНК <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic>, а определение генетических детерминант резистентности проводится путем прямого секвенирования небольших участков генов <italic>gyrA</italic>, <italic>folP</italic> и <italic>rpoB</italic>. В то же время современные исследования выявляют рост числа резистентных к отдельным компонентам комбинированной лекарственной терапии штаммов <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic>. Использование технологий секвенирования нового поколения позволило выявить дополнительные генетические детерминанты резистентности лепры к компонентам комбинированной лекарственной терапии. Сложившаяся ситуация представляет актуальным использование систем быстрой идентификации для мониторинга наиболее распространенных генетических детерминант резистентности <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic>.</p> <p>Поиск литературы осуществлялся по ключевым словам в базах данных Scopus, PubMed и РИНЦ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anti-leprosy drug</kwd><kwd>leprosy</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium leprae</kwd><kwd>genetic determinants of resistance</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лепра</kwd><kwd>антимикробные препараты</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium leprae</kwd><kwd>генетические детерминанты резистентности</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Ministry of Health under state assignment № 053-03-2021-124.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены при финансовой поддержке Минздрава России в рамках выполнения государственного задания № 053-03-2021-124 на 2021 г.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. 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