<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник дерматологии и венерологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-4609</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-6294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Rossijskoe Obschestvo Dermatovenerologov i Kosmetologov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">139</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-3-36-45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rosacea: prevalence, pathogenesis, particular features of clinical manifestations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Розацеа: распространенность, патогенез, особенности клинических проявлений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>info@cnikvi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhakova</surname><given-names>YU. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махакова</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>info@cnikvi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-06-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Kubanova A.A., Makhakova Y.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Кубанова А.А., Махакова Ю.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kubanova A.A., Makhakova Y.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кубанова А.А., Махакова Ю.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/139">https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/139</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review examines principal aspects of rosacea prevalence in the Russian Federation and abroad, shows present-day opinions about the pathogenesis and histological picture of rosacea and presents actual classification and a number of key clinical forms of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре литературы рассматриваются основные аспекты распространенности розацеа в Российской Федерации и зарубежных странах. Представлен взгляд на патогенез и гистологическую картину розацеа, а также приведена актуальная классификация и ряд основных клинических форм заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>розацеа</kwd><kwd>Toll-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>кателицидин LL-37</kwd><kwd>Demodex</kwd><kwd>офтальморозацеа</kwd><kwd>rosacea</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>cathelicidin LL-37</kwd><kwd>Demodex</kwd><kwd>ocular rosacea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Eckel R. Rosacea: the strawberry fields of dermatology. Prime Journal 2014; 4 (4): 60-62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Steinhoff M., Schauber J., Leyden J. J. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol Elsevier 2013; 69: 15-26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Zouboulis C. C., Katsambas A. D., Kligman A. M. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea. Berlin: Springer; 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Rolleston J. D. A. Note on the Early History of Rosacea. Proc R Soc Med 1933; 26 (4): 327-329.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Barabanov L.G., Muzychenko A.P. Sovremennyy vzglyad na etiopatogenez rozatsea. ARS MEDICA 2010; (8): 124-128. [Барабанов Л.Г., Музыченко А.П. Современный взгляд на этиопатогенез розацеа // ARS MEDICA. 2010. № 8. 124-128].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Yutskovskaya Ya.A., Kusaya N.V., Klyuchnik S.B. Obosnovanie patogeneticheskoy terapii pri aknepodobnykh dermatozakh, oslozhnennykh kleshchevoy invaziey Demodex folliculorum. Klin dermatol i venerol 2010; (3): 60-63. [Юцковская Я.А., Кусая Н.В., Ключник С.Б. Обоснование патогенетической терапии при акнеподобных дерматозах, осложненных клещевой инвазией Demodex folliculorum. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2010. № 3. 60-63].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Kogan B.G., Golovchenko D.Ya. Sovremennye podkhody v kompleksnom lechenii patsientov s demodekozom i rozovymi ugryami. Klin imunol allergol infektol 2011; (1): 38-43. [Коган Б.Г., Головченко Д.Я. Современные подходы в комплексном лечении пациентов с демодекозом и розовыми угрями. Клин имунол аллергол инфектол 2011; (1): 38-43.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Saydalieva V.Sh. Effektivnost' nizkikh doz izotretinoina pri lechenii bol'nykh papulo-pustuleznym podtipom rozatsea. Lechebnoe delo 2012; (2): 88-92. [Сайдалиева В.Ш. Эффективность низких доз изотретиноина при лечении больных папуло-пустулезным подтипом розацеа. Лечебное дело. Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «АТМО», 2012. № 2. 88-92].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Wollina U., Verma S. B. Rosacea and rhinophyma: not curse of the Celts but Indo Eurasians. J Cosmet Dermatol 2009; 8 (3): 234-235.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Berg M., Liden S. An epidemiological study of rosacea. Acta Derm Venerol 1989; 69 (5): 419-423.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Schaefer I., Rustenbach S. J., Zimmer L. et al. Prevalence of skin diseases in a cohort of 48,665 employees in Germany. Dermatology 2008; (2): 169-172.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Abram K., Silm H., Oona M. Prevalence of rosacea in an Estonian working population using a standard classification. Acta Derm Venereol 2010; 90 (3): 269-273.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Two A. M., Del Rosso J. Q. Kallikrein 5-mediated inflammation in rosacea: clinically relevant correlations with acute and chronic manifestations in rosacea and how individual treatments may provide therapeutic benefit. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2014; 7 (1): 20-25.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Bamford J. T. M., Gessert C. E., Renier C. M. et al. Childhood stye and adult rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55: 951-955.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Romanowicz M., Stephenson J. J., Del Rosso J. Q. et al. Healthcare utilization and costs of patients with rosacea in an insured population. J Drugs Dermatol 2008; 7: 41-49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Tan J., Berg M. Rosacea: Current state of epidemiology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 27-35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Abram K., Silm H., Maaroos H. I. et al. Risk factors associated with rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24 (5): 565-571.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Steinhoff M., Buddenkotte J., Aubert J. et al. Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2011; 15 (1): 2-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Halder R. M., Brooks H. L., Callender V. D. Acne in ethnic skin. Dermatol Clin 2003; 21 (4): 609-615.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Khaled A., Hammami H., Zeglaoui F. et al. Rosacea: 244 Tunisian cases. Tunis Med 2010; 88 (8): 597-601.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Spoendlin J., Voegel J. J., Jick S. S. et al. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U. K. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167: 598-605.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Kyriakis K. P., Palamaras I., Terzoudi S. et al. Epidemiologic aspects of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53 (5): 918-919.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Samodelkina K.A., Korotkiy N.G., T.V. M. Sovremennye kontseptsii etiologii i patogeneza rozatsea. Klin dermatol venerol 2012; (2): 4-8. [Самоделкина К.А., Короткий Н.Г., Т.В. М. Современные концепции этиологии и патогенеза розацеа. Клин дерматол венерол 2012; 2: 4-8].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Reinholz M., Tietze J. K., Kilian K. et al. Rosacea - S1 guideline. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2013: 11 (8): 768-780.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Böhm D., Schwanitz P., Stock Gissendanner S. et al. Symptom severity and psychological sequelae in rosacea: results of a survey. Psychol Health Med 2014; 19 (5): 586-591.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Goldberg D. J., Berlin A. Acne and Rosacea: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. London: CRC Press; 2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang H., Liao W., Chao W. et al. Risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases and their relationship to gastrointestinal dysfunction in Han adolescents. J Dermatol 2008; 35: 555-561.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Kroshinsky D., Glick S. A. Pediatric rosacea. Dermatol Ther 2006; 19: 196-201.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Lacz N. L., Schwartz R. A. Rosacea in the pediatric population. Cutis 2004: 74: 99-103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Kyriakis K. P. et al. Epidemiologic aspects of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53 (5): 918-919.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Lehmann P. Rosacea. Clinical features, pathogenesis and therapy. Hautarzt 2005; 56: 871-885.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Jansen T. Clinical presentations and classification of rosacea. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011; 138: 192-200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Powell F. C. Clinical practice. Rosacea. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (8): 793-803.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Rolleston J. D. A. Note on the Early History of Rosacea. Proc R Soc Med 1933; 26 (4): 327-329.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Spoendlin J. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea. University of Basel 2013: 143.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Katunina O.R. Funktsii Toll-podobnykh retseptorov kak komponenta vrozhdennogo immuniteta i ikh uchastie v patogeneze dermatozov razlichnoy etiologii. Vestn dermatol venerol 2011; (2): 18-</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>[Катунина О.Р. Функции Toll-подобных рецепторов как компонента врожденного иммунитета и их участие в патогенезе дерматозов различной этиологии. Вестн дерматол венерол 2011; 2: 18-25.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Valins W., Amini S., Berman B. The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Dermatological Diseases and the Therapeutic Effect of Current and Newer Topical Toll-like Receptor Modulators. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2010; 3 (9): 20-29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Yamasaki K., Schauber J., Coda A. et al. Kallikrein-mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin. FASEB J 2006; 20: 2068-2080.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Yamasaki K., Nardo A. D., Bardan A. et al. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med 2007; 13: 975-980.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Davydova A.V. et al. Molekulyarnye mekhanizmy patogeneza rozatsea. Saratovskiy nauchnomeditsinskiy zhurnal 2013; 9 (3): 561-565. [Давыдова А.В. et al. Молекулярные механизмы патогенеза розацеа. Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал. Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Саратовский государственный медицинский университет Федерального агентства по здравоохранению и социальному развитию, 2013; 9 (3): 561-565.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Peric M., Koglin S., Kim S. M. et al. IL-17A enhances vitamin D3-induced expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in human keratinocytes. J Immunol 2008; 181: 8504-8512.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Khayrutdinov V.R. Rozatsea: sovremennye predstavleniya o patogeneze, klinicheskoy kartine i lechenii. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiyа 2014; (3): 32-37. [Хайрутдинов В.Р. Ро-зацеа: современные представления о патогенезе, клинической картине и лечении. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2014; 3: 32-37.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Yamasaki K., Gallo R. L. Rosacea as a disease of cathelicidins and skin innate immunity. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2011; 15 (1): 12-15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Reinholz M., Ruzicka T., Schauber J. Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24 (2): 126-135.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Salzer S., Kresse S., Hirai Y., Koglin S., Ruzicka T., Schauber J. Cathelicidin peptide LL-37 increases UVB-triggered inflammasome activation: Possible implications for rosacea. J Derm Sci 2014; 76 (3): 173-179.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Koczulla R., von Degenfeld G., Kupatt C. et al. An angiogenic role for the human peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18. J Clin Invest 2003; 111 (11): 1665-1672.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Chen X., Niyonsaba F., Ushio H. et al. Human cathelicidin LL-37 increases vascular permeability in the skin via mast cell activation, and phosphorylates MAP kinases p38 and ERK in mast cells. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 43 (1): 63-66.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Elewski B. E., Draelos Z., Dréno B. et al. Rosacea - global diversity and optimized outcome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25 (2): 188-200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Antal A. S., Dombrowski Y., Koglin S. et al. Impact of vitamin D3 on cutaneous immunity and antimicrobial peptide expression. Dermatoendocrinol 2011; 3: 18-22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Jones D. A. Rosacea, reactive oxygen species, and azelaic acid. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2009; 2: 26-30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Laquer V., Hoang V., Nguyen A. et al. Angiogenesis in cutaneous disease: Part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61: 945-958.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Schauber J., Gallo R. L. The vitamin D pathway: A new target for control of the skin’s immune response? Exp Dermatol 2008; 17: 633-639.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Palatsi R., Kelhälä H.-L., Hägg P. [New insights in the pathogenesis and treatment of rosacea]. Duodecim 2012; 128: 2327-2335.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Yamasaki K., Kanada K., Macleod D. T. et al. TLR2 expression is increased in rosacea and stimulates enhanced serine protease production by keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. The Society for Investigative Dermatology Inc 2011; 131 (3): 688-697.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Obgol'ts I.A., Nemchaninova O.B. Novye podkhody k terapii rozatsea. Sovrem probl dermatovenerol, immunol vrach kosmetol 2010; (4): 15-19. [Обгольц И.А., Немчанинова О.Б. Новые подходы к терапии розацеа. Современные проблемы дерматовенерологии, иммунологии и врачебной косметологии. 2010; 4: 15-19.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Flint I. D., Wilkin J. K. Acquired persistent erythematous patch on the neck. Acquired nevus flammeus. Arch Dermatol 1994: 130 (4): 509, 512.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Drummond P. D., S. D. Blushing in rosacea sufferers. J Psychosom Res 2012; 72 (2): 153-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Gomaa A. H. A., Yaar M., Eyada M. M. et al. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in non-phymatous rosacea. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34 (10): 748-753.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Olisova O.Yu., Dodina M.I., Kushlinskiy N.E. Rol' faktora rosta sosudistogo endoteliya v patogeneze rozatsea i ego medikamentoznaya korrektsiya. Klin dermatol i venerol 2012; (1): 49-55. [Олисова О.Ю., Додина М.И., Кушлинский Н.Е. Роль фактора роста сосудистого эндотелия в патогенезе розацеа и его медикаментозная коррекция. Клин дерматол венерол 2012; 1: 49-55.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkin J. K. Why is flushing limited to a mostly facial cutaneous distribution? J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; (19): 309-313.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Buechner S. A. Rosacea: An update. Dermatology 2005; 210: 100-108.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Diamantis S., Waldorf H. A. Rosacea: clinical presentation and pathophysiology. J Drugs Dermatol 2006; 5: 8-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Darlenski R., Kazandjieva J., Tsankov N. et al. Acute irritant threshold correlates with barrier function, skin hydration and contact hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis and rosacea. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22: 752-753.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Meyer-Hoffert U., Schröder J.-M. Epidermal Proteases in the Pathogenesis of Rosacea. J Investig Dermatology Symp Proc 2011; 15: 16-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Voegeli R., Rawlings A. V., Doppler S. et al. Increased basal transepidermal water loss leads to elevation of some but not all stratum corneum serine proteases. Int J Cosmet Sci 2008; 30: 435-442.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Rios-Yuil J. M., Mercadillo-Perez P. Evaluation of Demodex folliculorum as a Risk Factor for the Diagnosis of Rosacea In Skin Biopsies. Mexico’s General Hospital (1975-2010). Indian J Dermatol 2013; 58: 157.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Holmes A. D. Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 1025-1032.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Wollina U. Recent advances in the understanding and management of rosacea. F1000Prime Rep 2014; 6: 50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Boixeda de Miquel D., Vazquez Romero M., Vazquez Sequeiros E. et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in rosacea patients. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2006; 98: 501-509.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Herr H., You C. H. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and rosacea: It may be a myth. J Korean Med Sci 2000; 15: 551-554.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Spoendlin J., Voegel J. J., Jick S. S. et al. Migraine, triptans, and the risk of developing rosacea: A population-based study within the United Kingdom. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 399-406.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Spoendlin J., Schneider C., Jick S. S. et al. Migraine in patients with rosacea. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011; 20: 199-200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Berg M., Lidén S. Postmenopausal female rosacea patients are more disposed to react with migraine. Dermatology 1996: 193 (1): 73-74.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Gupta M. A., Gupta A. K., Chen S. J. et al. Comorbidity of rosacea and depression: an analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey - Outpatient Department data collected by the U. S. National Center for Health Statistics from 1995 to 2002. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153 (6): 1176-1181.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Aroni K., Tsagroni E., Kavantzas N. et al. A study of the pathogenesis of Rosacea: How angiogenesis and mast cells may participate in a complex multifactorial process. Arch Dermatol Res 200; 300: 125-131.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Cribier B. Pathophysiology of rosacea: Redness, telangiectasia, and rosacea. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011; 138: 184-191.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Cribier B. Rosacea under the microscope: Characteristic histological findings. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 2013; 27: 1336-1343.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Aroni K., Tsagroni E., Lazaris A. C. et al. Rosacea: A clinicopathological approach. Dermatology 2004; 209: 177-182.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Aloi F., Tomasini C., Soro E. et al. The clinico-pathologic spectrum of rhinophyma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42: 468-472.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>Tope W. D., Sangueza O. P. Rhinophyma’s fibrous variant. Histopathology and immuno-histochemistry. Am J Dermatopathol 1994; 16: 307-310.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>Zouboulis C., Katsambas A., Kligman A. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea / ed. Zouboulis C. C., Katsambas A. D., Kligman A. M. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>Adams A. K., Davis J. L., Davis M. D. et al. What is your diagnosis? Granulomatous rosacea (Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei, acne agminata). Cutis 2008; 82 (2): 103, 111-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>Batra M., Bansal C., Tulsyan S. Granulomatous rosacea: Unusual presentation as solitary plaque. Dermatol Online J 2011; 17 (2): 9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>Pankina E. S., Arayijskaya E. R., Petrischev N. N. et al. Microcirculation in the patients with rosacea. Basic skin care as a part of complex therapy 2007; 9 (2): 79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><label>86.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkin J. Dahl M., Detmar M. et al. Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46 (4): 584-587.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><label>87.</label><mixed-citation>Crawford G. H., Pelle M. T., James W. D. Rosacea: I. Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 327-341.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><label>88.</label><mixed-citation>Jansen T. Clinical presentations and classification of rosacea. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011; 138: 192-200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><label>89.</label><mixed-citation>Jansen T., Plewig G. Rosacea: classification and treatment. J R Soc Med 1997; 90 (3): 144-150.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B90"><label>90.</label><mixed-citation>Rebora A. Rosacea. J Invest Dermatol 1987; 88 (3): 56-60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B91"><label>91.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkin J. K. Rosacea. Pathophysiology and treatment. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130 (3): 359-362.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B92"><label>92.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkin J. K. Flushing reactions: Consequences and mechanisms. Ann Intern Med 1981; 95: 468-476.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B93"><label>93.</label><mixed-citation>Greaves M. W., Burova E. P. Flushing: causes, investigation and clinical consequences. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 1997; 8 (2): 91-100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B94"><label>94.</label><mixed-citation>Powell F. C. Clinical practice. Rosacea. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (8): 793-803.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B95"><label>95.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkin J., Dahl M., Detmar M. et al. Standard grading system for rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the classification and staging of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 50 (6): 907-912.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B96"><label>96.</label><mixed-citation>Berg M., Liden S. An epidemiological study of rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol 1989; 69: 419-423.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B97"><label>97.</label><mixed-citation>Pereira T. M., Vieira A. P., Basto A. S. Rosacea with extensive extrafacial lesions. Int J Dermatol 2008: 47: 52-55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B98"><label>98.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkin J. K. Epigastric rosacea. Arch Dermatol 1980; 116: 584.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B99"><label>99.</label><mixed-citation>Hong E., Fischer G. Childhood ocular rosacea: Considerations for diagnosis and treatment. Australas J Dermatol 2009; 50: 272-275.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B100"><label>100.</label><mixed-citation>Chamaillard M., Mortemousque B., Boralevi F. et al. Cutaneous and ocular signs of childhood rosacea. Arch Dermatol 2008; 144: 167-171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B101"><label>101.</label><mixed-citation>Ehmann L. M., Meller S., Homey B. [Successful treatment of granulomatous rosacea with dapsone]. Hautarzt 2013; 64: 226-228.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B102"><label>102.</label><mixed-citation>Messikh R., Try C., Bennani B. et al. [Efficacy of diuretics in the treatment of Morbihan’s disease: three cases]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139: 559-563.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B103"><label>103.</label><mixed-citation>Ranu H., Lee J., Hee T. H. Successful treatment of Morbihan’s disease with oral prednisolone and doxycycline. Dermatol Ther 2010; 23: 682-685.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B104"><label>104.</label><mixed-citation>Lehmann P. [Rosacea: Clinical features and classification]. Hautarzt 2013; 64: 489-493.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B105"><label>105.</label><mixed-citation>Bhat Y. J., Manzoor S., Qayoom S. Steroid-induced rosacea: a clinical study of 200 patients. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56: 30-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B106"><label>106.</label><mixed-citation>Plewig G., Kligman A. M. ACNE and ROSACEA. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1993.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B107"><label>107.</label><mixed-citation>Vieira A. C., Mannis M. J. Ocular rosacea: Common and commonly missed. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 36-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B108"><label>108.</label><mixed-citation>Oltz M., Check J. Rosacea and its ocular manifestations. Optometry 2011; 82: 92-103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B109"><label>109.</label><mixed-citation>Lazaridou E., Fotiadou C., Ziakas N. G. et al. Clinical and laboratory study of ocular rosacea in northern Greece. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 2011; 25: 1428-1431.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B110"><label>110.</label><mixed-citation>Samtsov A.V. Akne i akneformnye dermatozy: monografiya. M: Knizhnyy mir; 2009. [Самцов А.В. Акне и акнеформные дерматозы: монография // J. Cosmet. Dermatological Sci. Appl. М: ЮТКОМ, 2009. 287.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B111"><label>111.</label><mixed-citation>Tuzum Y. et al. Rosacea and rhinophyma. Clin Dermatol 2014; 32 (1): 35-46.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
