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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник дерматологии и венерологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-4609</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-6294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Rossijskoe Obschestvo Dermatovenerologov i Kosmetologov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16940</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25208/vdv16940</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">lujykk</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Syphilis treatment outcomes in HIV-coinfected patients: a retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты лечения сифилиса у пациентов с коинфекцией ВИЧ: ретроспективное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2278-5393</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1214-8876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnoselskikh</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красносельских</surname><given-names>Татьяна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>tatiana.krasnoselskikh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9925-2055</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3809-6498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shved</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швед</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>oleg.210498@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-8591</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2071-9441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manasheva</surname><given-names>Elizaveta B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манашева</surname><given-names>Елизавета Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>volf8989@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-2158</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2464-2734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilyuk</surname><given-names>Malvina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилюк</surname><given-names>Мальвина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>malvinadaniliuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-8649</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3471-7935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirskaya</surname><given-names>Maria А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чирская</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>mariya-gezej@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-4755</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5330-6400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>vino75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-6061</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6807-7137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovskiy</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>Евгений Владиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>s40@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Center for Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">1Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-20"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Krasnoselskikh T.V., Shved O.V., Manasheva E.B., Daniliuk M.I., Chirskaya M.А., Vinogradova T.N., Sokolovskiy E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Красносельских Т.В., Швед О.В., Манашева Е.Б., Данилюк М.И., Чирская М.А., Виноградова Т.Н., Соколовский Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasnoselskikh T.V., Shved O.V., Manasheva E.B., Daniliuk M.I., Chirskaya M.А., Vinogradova T.N., Sokolovskiy E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Красносельских Т.В., Швед О.В., Манашева Е.Б., Данилюк М.И., Чирская М.А., Виноградова Т.Н., Соколовский Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16940">https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16940</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>The efficacy of antibiotic therapies used to treat syphilis in HIV-positive patients has not been sufficiently studied. In patients with coinfection, seronegativization of non-treponemal tests after syphilis therapy is often delayed, however, data on the reasons for the delayed serological response are limited and contradictory.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess the frequency of syphilis treatment failure in HIV-positive patients and to identify factors affecting the development of serological resistance (SR).</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>A post-hoc analysis of clinical, serological, liquorological and immunological data of 280 HIV-positive patients with syphilis who were under follow-up at St. Petersburg AIDS and Infectious Diseases Center has been conducted.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Syphilis treatment failure was observed in 44.1% of patients with coinfection. The risk of SR was higher in women (<italic>p</italic> = 0.002), in elder patients (<italic>p</italic> = 0.006), in those with a more advanced HIV infection (<italic>p</italic> = 0.017) and depended on the duration of syphilis before the treatment initiation (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). SR occurred more commonly after therapy for latent (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001), late syphilis (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), neurosyphilis (<italic>p</italic> = 0.014), and reinfections (<italic>p</italic> = 0.027). The lack of positive dynamics in microprecipitation reaction (MPR) with serum was mainly observed when the recommended treatment methods were not adhered to and when the therapy prescribed was insufficient for the relevant stage and form of syphilis (<italic>р</italic> = 0,012). The CD4+ T-lymphocyte count &lt; 350/μL increased the risk of SR 2.1-fold (<italic>p</italic> = 0.008). The occurrence of SR was not associated with ART, HIV RNA level (viral load), or pre-treatment MPR titer. Excessive doses of antibiotics during the initial treatment and additional therapy during the period of clinical and serological observation did not have a positive effect on the serological response.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Due to the high frequency of syphilis treatment failure, HIV-infected patients require a careful choice of the initial treatment regimen combined with regular and prolonged clinical and serological follow-up.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Эффективность методик антибиотикотерапии, применяемых для лечения сифилиса, у ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов изучена недостаточно. У пациентов с коинфекцией негативация нетрепонемных тестов после терапии сифилиса нередко происходит с задержкой, однако данные о причинах замедления серологического ответа ограничены и противоречивы.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценка частоты неудач в терапии сифилиса у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией и установление факторов, влияющих на формирование серологической резистентности (СР).</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных клинического, серологического, ликворологического и иммунологического обследования 280 ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов с сифилисом, состоявших на диспансерном учете в Санкт-Петербургском Центре СПИД и инфекционных заболеваний.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Неудачи терапии сифилиса у пациентов с коинфекцией наблюдались в 44,1% случаев. Риск СР был выше у женщин (<italic>р</italic> = 0,002), пациентов старшего возраста (<italic>р</italic> = 0,006), с более продвинутой стадией ВИЧ-инфекции (<italic>р</italic> = 0,017) и зависел от продолжительности заболевания сифилисом до начала лечения (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001). СР чаще развивалась после терапии скрытого (<italic>р</italic> = 0,001) и позднего (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001) сифилиса, нейросифилиса (<italic>р</italic> = 0,014), случаев реинфекции (<italic>р</italic> = 0,027). Отсутствие положительной динамики микропреципитации с сывороткой (РМПс) преимущественно наблюдалось при нарушении рекомендованных методик лечения и назначении терапии, недостаточной для соответствующей стадии и формы сифилиса (<italic>р</italic> = 0,012). Уровень CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов &lt; 350 клеток/мкл повышал риск развития СР в 2,1 раза (<italic>р</italic> = 0,008). Развитие СР не было взаимосвязано с получением антиретровирусной терапии, уровнем РНК ВИЧ (вирусной нагрузкой) и титром РМПс до лечения. Назначение избыточных доз антибиотиков на этапе первичного лечения и дополнительной терапии в период клинико-серологического наблюдения не оказывало положительного влияния на серологический ответ.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Ввиду высокой частоты неудач в терапии сифилиса ВИЧ-инфицированные пациенты нуждаются в тщательном выборе методики первичного лечения, а также регулярном и пролонгированном клинико-серологическом наблюдении по его окончании.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>syphilis serodiagnosis</kwd><kwd>serologic tests</kwd><kwd>treatment outcome</kwd><kwd>treatment failure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>серодиагностика сифилиса</kwd><kwd>серологические реакции</kwd><kwd>исход лечения</kwd><kwd>неудача терапии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Сифилис: клинические рекомендации. М.; 2024. 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