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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник дерматологии и венерологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-4609</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-6294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Rossijskoe Obschestvo Dermatovenerologov i Kosmetologov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25208/vdv16959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YMRTWQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical presentation of onychodystrophies depending on their severity: overview of specific cases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая картина ониходистрофий в зависимости от степени тяжести: обзор частных случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-1581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saranyuk</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саранюк</surname><given-names>Роман Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dermatovenereologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-дерматовенеролог</p></bio><email>roman.saranuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-9159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gosteva</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гостева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Therapist, Pulmonologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-терапевт, пульмонолог</p></bio><email>ya-lisenok-@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Society for Integrative Dermatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">КРОО «Общество интегративной дерматологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dermatology and Venereology Clinic "Derma Expert"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кабинет дерматологии и венерологии «Derma Эксперт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Society for Integrative Dermatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">РОО «Общество интегративной дерматологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC "Kurchatov Center for Modern Medicine"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Курчатовский Центр Современной Медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-21"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Saranyuk R.V., Gosteva T.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Саранюк Р.В., Гостева Т.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saranyuk R.V., Gosteva T.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саранюк Р.В., Гостева Т.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16959">https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16959</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nail dystrophies (onychodystrophies) are non-infectious processes characterized by changes in the structure, surface, color, and consistency of the nail. The wide variety of onychodystrophies is determined by their etiopathogenesis and the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nail system. Onychodystrophies can occur both as an underlying disease and as clinical manifestations of certain skin and systemic disorders. Striking clinical examples include hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (Hippocratic nails) associated with severe systemic pathology or abnormal nail changes associated with lichen planus, which begin with the appearance of longitudinal grooves and onychorrhexis and subsequently have variable outcomes and prognoses. Many types of onychodystrophies are often nonspecific and cannot serve as pathognomonic signs of a specific disease, which, in turn, negatively impacts differential diagnostic testing and timely diagnosis. Of note is that the time a patient seeks dermatological attention does not always coincide with the onset of onychodystrophies, which directly impacts the assessment of the nail lesion severity. Like any pathological condition, onychodystrophies tend to change over time, which may be due to the duration of the pathological process and/or the action of a trigger factor, its nature, and possible associated conditions. Understanding the development of pathological nail changes can be crucial for clinical assessment and diagnosis of existing changes, selection of patient management strategies, and determining the prognosis and outcome of the disease.</p> <p>This overview examines the clinical presentation of certain types of onychodystrophies depending on their severity, with the transition from one type to another, and discusses possible causes and aspects of the etiopathogenesis of these changes. The authors also attempted to systematize the severity of certain types of onychodystrophies to simplify the clinical assessment of abnormal nail changes and adequately evaluate the outcome of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дистрофии ногтей (ониходистрофии) — неинфекционный процесс, характеризующийся изменением структуры, поверхности, цвета и консистенции ногтя. Большое разнообразие ониходистрофий обусловлено их этиопатогенезом и анатомо-физиологическими особенностями ногтевого аппарата. Ониходистрофии могут выступать как в качестве основного самостоятельного заболевания, так и в качестве клинических проявлений некоторых кожных и системных расстройств. Яркими клиническими примерами являются гипертрофическая остеоартропатия (ногти Гиппократа) на фоне тяжёлой системной патологии или патологические изменения ногтей при красном плоском лишае, начинающиеся с появления на ногтях продольных борозд и онихорексиса и в дальнейшем имеющие разные исходы и прогнозы. Многие типы ониходистрофий зачастую являются неспецифическими и не могут выступать в качестве патогномоничных признаков конкретного заболевания, что, в свою очередь, негативно влияет на дифференциально-диагностический поиск и своевременную постановку диагноза. Следует также отметить, что время обращения пациента к дерматологу не всегда совпадает со сроками появления ониходистрофий, что напрямую влияет на оценку тяжести поражений ногтей. Как и любое патологическое состояние, ониходистрофии имеют тенденцию к изменению с течением времени, что может быть обусловлено давностью существования патологического процесса и/или действием триггерного фактора, его характером и возможными ассоциированными состояниями. Знание процессов развития патологических изменений ногтей может быть очень важным для клинической оценки и диагностики существующих изменений, выбора тактики ведения пациента, определения прогноза и исхода заболевания.</p> <p>В данном обзоре рассмотрена клиническая картина некоторых типов ониходистрофий в зависимости от степени тяжести с переходом одного типа в другой, разобраны возможные причины и аспекты этиопатогенеза данных изменений. Кроме того, авторами предпринята попытка систематизировать степени выраженности (тяжести) некоторых типов ониходистрофий для упрощения клинической оценки патологических изменений ногтей и адекватной оценки исхода заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nail dystrophies</kwd><kwd>trachyonychia</kwd><kwd>koilonychia</kwd><kwd>Beau's lines</kwd><kwd>onychomadesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дистрофии ногтей</kwd><kwd>трахионихия</kwd><kwd>койлонихия</kwd><kwd>линии Бо</kwd><kwd>онихомадезис</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Salomon J, Szepietowski JC, Proniewicz A. Psoriatic nails: a prospective clinical study. J Cutan Med Surg. 2003;7(4):317–321. doi: 10.1007/s10227-002-0143-0 EDN: EVGSHL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Hs B. Note sur certains caracteres de semeiologie retrospective presentes par les ongles. 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