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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник дерматологии и венерологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-4609</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-6294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Rossijskoe Obschestvo Dermatovenerologov i Kosmetologov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25208/vdv16959</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of onychodystrophies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Развитие ониходистрофий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-1581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saranyuk</surname><given-names>Roman Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саранюк</surname><given-names>Роман Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>roman.saranuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-9159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gosteva</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гостева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ya-lisenok-@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Society for Integrative Dermatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Общество интегративной дерматологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dermatology and Venereology Clinic “Derma Expert”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кабинет дерматологии и венерологии «Derma Эксперт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kurchatov Center for Modern Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Курчатовский центр современной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-21"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Saranyuk R.V., Gosteva T.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Саранюк Р.В., Гостева Т.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saranyuk R.V., Gosteva T.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саранюк Р.В., Гостева Т.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16959">https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16959</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nail dystrophies are primarily non-infectious processes characterized by changes in the structure, surface, color, and consistency of the nail. The wide variety of onychodystrophies is determined by their etiopathogenesis and the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nail system. Onychodystrophies can occur both as an underlying disease and as clinical manifestations of certain skin and systemic disorders. Striking clinical examples include hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (Hippocratic nails) associated with severe systemic pathology or pathological nail changes associated with lichen planus, which begin with the appearance of longitudinal grooves and onychorrhexis and subsequently have varying outcomes and prognoses. Many types of onychodystrophies are often nonspecific and may not be pathognomonic for a specific disease, which can negatively impact differential diagnostics and timely diagnosis. It should also be noted that the time a patient seeks dermatological attention does not always coincide with the onset of onychodystrophies, which directly impacts the assessment of the severity of nail lesions. Like any pathological condition, onychodystrophies tend to change (evolve) over time, which may be due to the duration of the pathological process and/or the action of a trigger factor, its nature, and possible associated conditions. Understanding the development of pathological nail changes can be crucial for the clinical assessment and diagnosis of existing nail changes, the selection of patient management strategies, and the prognosis and outcome of the disease. This article examines examples of the development of certain types of onychodystrophies with the transition from one type to another, analyzing the possible causes and aspects of the etiopathogenesis of these changes. The article also suggests the need to divide onychodystrophies into primary and secondary, based on the morphological elements of the skin, to simplify the clinical assessment of pathological nail changes and adequately evaluate the outcome of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дистрофии ногтей – первично неинфекционный процесс, характеризующийся изменением структуры, поверхности, цвета и консистенции ногтя. Большое разнообразие ониходистрофий обусловлено их этиопатогенезом и анатомо-физиологическими особенностями ногтевого аппарата. Ониходистрофии могут выступать как в качестве основного самостоятельного заболевания, так и в качестве клинических проявлений некоторых кожных и системных расстройств. Яркими клиническими примерами здесь могут выступать гипертрофическая остеоартропатия (ногти Гиппократа) на фоне тяжелой системной патологии или патологические изменения ногтей при красном плоском лишае, начинающиеся с появления на ногтя продольных борозд и онихорексиса и в дальнейшем имеющие разные исходы и прогноз. Многие типы ониходистрофий зачастую являются неспецифическими и не могут выступать патогномоничными признаками конкретного заболевания, что может негативно повлиять на дифференциально-диагностический поиск и своевременную постановку диагноза. Также следует отметить, что время обращения пациента к дерматологу не всегда совпадает со сроками появления ониходистрофий, что напрямую влияет на оценку тяжести поражений ногтей. Как и любое патологическое состояние ониходистрофии имеют тенденцию к изменению (развитию) в течение времени, что может быть обусловлено давностью существования патологического процесса и/или действием триггерного фактора, его характером и возможными ассоциированными состояниями. Знание процесса развития патологических изменений ногтей может быть очень важным моментом для клинической оценки и диагностики уже существующих патологических изменений ногтей, выбора тактики ведения пациента, прогноза и исхода заболевания. В данной статье рассмотрены примеры развития некоторых типов ониходистрофий с переходом одного типа в другой, разбором возможных причин и аспектов этиопатогенеза данных изменений. Также в статье высказывается мнение о необходимости разделения типов ониходистрофий на первичные и вторичные по аналогии с морфологическими элементами кожи для упрощения клинической оценки патологических изменений ногтей и адекватной оценке исхода заболевания. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nail dystrophies, trachyonychia, koilonychia, Beau's lines, onychomadesis.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дистрофии ногтей, трахионихия, койлонихия, линии Бо, онихомадезис.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Salomon J, Szepietowski JC, Proniewicz A. Psoriatic nails: a prospective clinical study. J Cutan Med Surg. 2003;7(4):317-321. doi:10.1007/s10227-002-0143-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Hs B. Note sur certains caracteres de semeiologie retrospective presentes par les ongles. 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