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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник дерматологии и венерологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-4609</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-6294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Rossijskoe Obschestvo Dermatovenerologov i Kosmetologov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25208/vdv16963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">hpmymf</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Endotypes of atopic dermatitis: modern concepts and prospects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эндотипы атопического дерматита: современные представления и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7689-8350</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6938-4768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozhdina</surname><given-names>Marianna B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрождина</surname><given-names>Марианна Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>drozhdina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-6061</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6807-7137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovskiy</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>Евгений Владиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н, профессор</p></bio><email>s40@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8241-0906</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4614-1812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслова</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>ev780464@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кировский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Limited Liability Company «Medica»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Медика»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-12"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-13"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Drozhdina M.B., Sokolovskiy E.V., Suslova E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Дрождина М.Б., Соколовский Е.В., Суслова Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drozhdina M.B., Sokolovskiy E.V., Suslova E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дрождина М.Б., Соколовский Е.В., Суслова Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16963">https://vestnikdv.ru/jour/article/view/16963</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease with diverse immunological endotypes. Modern methods of high-resolution molecular analysis (RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multiomix approaches) have allowed to identify various endotypes of the disease: Th2/ILC2-associated (ILC2 — type 2 innate lymphoid cells, Th — T helpers); Th22-associated; Th17/Th1 mixed; late onset endotype (with low IgE levels); ILC2- dominant endotype; minimally inflammatory endotype.</p> <p>This review provides a detailed analysis of the pathogenesis mechanisms of each endotype, including unique cytokine profiles (IL-4/IL-13/IL-31, IL-22, IL-17/interferon gamma; IL — interleukin), the main cell- mediated mechanisms (resident Th2 cells, ILC2, cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> Th22 cells) and their direct effect on the epidermal barrier and neuroimmune interactions. The main focus of the review is justification of the targeted biological therapy (inhibitors of IL-4/IL-13, IL-13, IL-31, JAK-STAT) choice based on the dominant pathway. The strategies for stratifying patients using serum biomarkers (TARC/CCL17, IL-22, IL-17) and the transcriptomic skin profile are considered.</p> <p>Endotype-based therapy personalization may represent a novel approach for management of patients with severe atopic dermatitis and resistance to conventional treatments, which allows to overcome the torpidity to the standard therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Атопический дерматит является гетерогенным заболеванием с многообразными иммунологическими эндотипами. Современные методы высокоразрешающего молекулярного анализа (РНК-секвенирование, пространственная транскриптомика, мультиомиксные подходы) позволили идентифицировать ряд эндотипов заболевания: Th2/ILC2-ассоциированный (ILC2 — лимфоидные клетки врожденного иммунитета 2-го типа, Th — Т-хелперы); Th22-ассоциированный; Th17/Th1-смешанный; эндотип с поздним дебютом (с низкой концентрацией IgE); эндотип с доминированием ILC2; минимально-воспалительный эндотип.</p> <p>В данном обзоре представлен детальный анализ патогенетических механизмов каждого эндотипа, включая уникальные цитокиновые профили (ИЛ-4/ИЛ-13/ИЛ-31, ИЛ-22, ИЛ- 17/ интерферон гамма; ИЛ — интерлейкин), основные клеточные механизмы (резидентные Th2- клетки, ILC2, цитотоксические CD8<sup>+</sup> Th22-клетки) и их прямое влияние на эпидермальный барьер и нейроиммунные взаимодействия. Основное внимание уделено обоснованию выбора таргетной биологической терапии (ингибиторы ИЛ-4/ИЛ-13, ИЛ-13, ИЛ-31, JAK-STAT) в зависимости от доминирующего пути. Рассмотрены варианты разделения пациентов на группы с использованием сывороточных биомаркеров (TARC/CCL17, ИЛ-22, ИЛ-17) и транскриптомного профиля кожи.</p> <p>Персонализация терапии с учетом эндотипа может стать новым подходом для пациентов с тяжелым течением атопического дерматита и резистентностью к общепринятым методам лечения, позволяющим преодолеть торпидность к стандартной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>endotype</kwd><kwd>personalized medical care</kwd><kwd>Th2 lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>Th22 lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>ILC2</kwd><kwd>IL-31</kwd><kwd>IL-22</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>biological therapy</kwd><kwd>JAK inhibitors</kwd><kwd>transcriptomic profile</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>эндотип</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>Th2-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>Th22- лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>ILC2</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-31</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-22</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>биологическая терапия</kwd><kwd>JAK-ингибиторы</kwd><kwd>транскриптомный профиль</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lugović-Mihić L, Meštrović-Štefekov J, Potočnjak I, et al. 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