Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii

The article examines the historical aspects of the formation and development of the dermatovenerological service in the Soviet Union, as well as the specifics of its subsequent formation in the Russian Federation, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results obtained make it possible to identify the characteristic features of the formation and priority areas of development of the dermatovenerological service in each country, defining tasks to improve the accessibility and effectiveness of specialized medical care.

Current diagnostic methods for pemphigus vulgaris are based on an understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying the disease development, with a key role of the production of autoantibodies targeting structural proteins of epithelial tissue and the underlying basement membrane. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of diagnostic methods used to verify autoimmune bullous dermatoses and presents the sensitivity and specificity data for an immunohistochemical assay and its potential use as an alternative diagnostic method to verify a suspected pemphigus vulgaris.

Background. Acne (acne vulgaris) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Nearly 80% of first-degree relatives suffer from acne, and the condition tends to occur earlier and be more severe in those with a family history. There is now sufficient evidence to suggest that various series of candidate genes, which protein products are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of the immune response during inflammation, play a role in the predisposition to acne. Despite this, the molecular and genetic basis of acne has not been sufficiently studied yet. Scientific studies have shown that PPAR receptors play a significant role in regulating inflammatory processes and in stimulating sebum production.

Aim. To investigate the influence of the PPARγ (PPARG) gene in Uzbek patients suffering from acne of various severity.

Methods. A case-control study was carried out on genomic DNA samples isolated from the patients’ peripheral blood. A total of 133 patients with acne of various severity were examined. The control group consisted of 125 apparently healthy Uzbek individuals with no dermatological or other medical disorders.

Results. The frequency of the C and G alleles in the subgroup of patients with severe acne and in the control group was 81.6 and 18.4% vs 87.6 and 12.4%, respectively. The probability of detecting the unfavorable G allele in patients with severe acne was more than 2-fold higher than in the control group (a trend toward an increase; P = 0.1; OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 0.96–4.98). This suggests that the presence of the unfavorable G allele may be associated with an increased risk of severe acne.

Conclusion. The 28078C>G polymorphism in the PPARG gene plays a significant role in acne pathogenesis in Uzbek patients.

Acne is currently one of the most common dermatoses; it requires a long-term treatment, is prone to relapse, and negatively impacts a patient’s psychoemotional state. The long-term successful clinical experience with systemic isotretinoin has demonstrated its high efficacy in the treatment of not only severe and moderate forms of acne. Current Russian and international recommendations have expanded the use of isotretinoin in cases of acne associated with severe psychoemotional disorders as well as acne resistant to other (including topical) therapies. The aim of the study is to review and analyze data from Russian and international studies on systemic acne therapy and its impact on psychosomatic well-being. The clinical efficacy and safety of isotretinoin has been demonstrated for the treatment of acne refractory to other therapies due to psychosomatic disorders.

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are characterized by a high prevalence, a chronic progressive course, the frequent presence of severe forms, comorbidities, and a significant decrease in patients’ quality of life, which justifies high demands on the efficacy and safety of therapy for these diseases. The article describes two clinical cases of the successful use of the interleukin 17 (IL-17) inhibitor netakimab in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with concomitant metabolic syndrome. Netakimab was administered at a dose of 120 mg as subcutaneous injections once weekly on weeks 0, 1, and 2, followed by 120 mg once every 4 weeks. The treatment efficacy was assessed by clinical and laboratory examination using PASI, DAS28, and NAPSI scores. Netakimab treatment resulted in regression of subjective and objective skin symptoms and sustained clinical and laboratory remission of joint syndrome. Netakimab treatment was free of adverse events and significantly improved patients’ quality of life.