Rosacea: prevalence, pathogenesis, particular features of clinical manifestations

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

This literature review examines principal aspects of rosacea prevalence in the Russian Federation and abroad, shows present-day opinions about the pathogenesis and histological picture of rosacea and presents actual classification and a number of key clinical forms of the disease.

About the authors

A. A. Kubanova

State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@cnikvi.ru
Россия

YU. B. Makhakova

State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Email: info@cnikvi.ru
Россия

References

  1. Eckel R. Rosacea: the strawberry fields of dermatology. Prime Journal 2014; 4 (4): 60-62.
  2. Steinhoff M., Schauber J., Leyden J. J. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol Elsevier 2013; 69: 15-26.
  3. Zouboulis C. C., Katsambas A. D., Kligman A. M. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea. Berlin: Springer; 2014.
  4. Rolleston J. D. A. Note on the Early History of Rosacea. Proc R Soc Med 1933; 26 (4): 327-329.
  5. Barabanov L.G., Muzychenko A.P. Sovremennyy vzglyad na etiopatogenez rozatsea. ARS MEDICA 2010; (8): 124-128. [Барабанов Л.Г., Музыченко А.П. Современный взгляд на этиопатогенез розацеа // ARS MEDICA. 2010. № 8. 124-128].
  6. Yutskovskaya Ya.A., Kusaya N.V., Klyuchnik S.B. Obosnovanie patogeneticheskoy terapii pri aknepodobnykh dermatozakh, oslozhnennykh kleshchevoy invaziey Demodex folliculorum. Klin dermatol i venerol 2010; (3): 60-63. [Юцковская Я.А., Кусая Н.В., Ключник С.Б. Обоснование патогенетической терапии при акнеподобных дерматозах, осложненных клещевой инвазией Demodex folliculorum. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2010. № 3. 60-63].
  7. Kogan B.G., Golovchenko D.Ya. Sovremennye podkhody v kompleksnom lechenii patsientov s demodekozom i rozovymi ugryami. Klin imunol allergol infektol 2011; (1): 38-43. [Коган Б.Г., Головченко Д.Я. Современные подходы в комплексном лечении пациентов с демодекозом и розовыми угрями. Клин имунол аллергол инфектол 2011; (1): 38-43.]
  8. Saydalieva V.Sh. Effektivnost' nizkikh doz izotretinoina pri lechenii bol'nykh papulo-pustuleznym podtipom rozatsea. Lechebnoe delo 2012; (2): 88-92. [Сайдалиева В.Ш. Эффективность низких доз изотретиноина при лечении больных папуло-пустулезным подтипом розацеа. Лечебное дело. Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «АТМО», 2012. № 2. 88-92].
  9. Wollina U., Verma S. B. Rosacea and rhinophyma: not curse of the Celts but Indo Eurasians. J Cosmet Dermatol 2009; 8 (3): 234-235.
  10. Berg M., Liden S. An epidemiological study of rosacea. Acta Derm Venerol 1989; 69 (5): 419-423.
  11. Schaefer I., Rustenbach S. J., Zimmer L. et al. Prevalence of skin diseases in a cohort of 48,665 employees in Germany. Dermatology 2008; (2): 169-172.
  12. Abram K., Silm H., Oona M. Prevalence of rosacea in an Estonian working population using a standard classification. Acta Derm Venereol 2010; 90 (3): 269-273.
  13. Two A. M., Del Rosso J. Q. Kallikrein 5-mediated inflammation in rosacea: clinically relevant correlations with acute and chronic manifestations in rosacea and how individual treatments may provide therapeutic benefit. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2014; 7 (1): 20-25.
  14. Bamford J. T. M., Gessert C. E., Renier C. M. et al. Childhood stye and adult rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55: 951-955.
  15. Romanowicz M., Stephenson J. J., Del Rosso J. Q. et al. Healthcare utilization and costs of patients with rosacea in an insured population. J Drugs Dermatol 2008; 7: 41-49.
  16. Tan J., Berg M. Rosacea: Current state of epidemiology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 27-35.
  17. Abram K., Silm H., Maaroos H. I. et al. Risk factors associated with rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24 (5): 565-571.
  18. Steinhoff M., Buddenkotte J., Aubert J. et al. Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2011; 15 (1): 2-11.
  19. Halder R. M., Brooks H. L., Callender V. D. Acne in ethnic skin. Dermatol Clin 2003; 21 (4): 609-615.
  20. Khaled A., Hammami H., Zeglaoui F. et al. Rosacea: 244 Tunisian cases. Tunis Med 2010; 88 (8): 597-601.
  21. Spoendlin J., Voegel J. J., Jick S. S. et al. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U. K. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167: 598-605.
  22. Kyriakis K. P., Palamaras I., Terzoudi S. et al. Epidemiologic aspects of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53 (5): 918-919.
  23. Samodelkina K.A., Korotkiy N.G., T.V. M. Sovremennye kontseptsii etiologii i patogeneza rozatsea. Klin dermatol venerol 2012; (2): 4-8. [Самоделкина К.А., Короткий Н.Г., Т.В. М. Современные концепции этиологии и патогенеза розацеа. Клин дерматол венерол 2012; 2: 4-8].
  24. Reinholz M., Tietze J. K., Kilian K. et al. Rosacea - S1 guideline. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2013: 11 (8): 768-780.
  25. Böhm D., Schwanitz P., Stock Gissendanner S. et al. Symptom severity and psychological sequelae in rosacea: results of a survey. Psychol Health Med 2014; 19 (5): 586-591.
  26. Goldberg D. J., Berlin A. Acne and Rosacea: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. London: CRC Press; 2011.
  27. Zhang H., Liao W., Chao W. et al. Risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases and their relationship to gastrointestinal dysfunction in Han adolescents. J Dermatol 2008; 35: 555-561.
  28. Kroshinsky D., Glick S. A. Pediatric rosacea. Dermatol Ther 2006; 19: 196-201.
  29. Lacz N. L., Schwartz R. A. Rosacea in the pediatric population. Cutis 2004: 74: 99-103.
  30. Kyriakis K. P. et al. Epidemiologic aspects of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53 (5): 918-919.
  31. Lehmann P. Rosacea. Clinical features, pathogenesis and therapy. Hautarzt 2005; 56: 871-885.
  32. Jansen T. Clinical presentations and classification of rosacea. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011; 138: 192-200.
  33. Powell F. C. Clinical practice. Rosacea. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (8): 793-803.
  34. Rolleston J. D. A. Note on the Early History of Rosacea. Proc R Soc Med 1933; 26 (4): 327-329.
  35. Spoendlin J. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea. University of Basel 2013: 143.
  36. Katunina O.R. Funktsii Toll-podobnykh retseptorov kak komponenta vrozhdennogo immuniteta i ikh uchastie v patogeneze dermatozov razlichnoy etiologii. Vestn dermatol venerol 2011; (2): 18-
  37. [Катунина О.Р. Функции Toll-подобных рецепторов как компонента врожденного иммунитета и их участие в патогенезе дерматозов различной этиологии. Вестн дерматол венерол 2011; 2: 18-25.]
  38. Valins W., Amini S., Berman B. The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Dermatological Diseases and the Therapeutic Effect of Current and Newer Topical Toll-like Receptor Modulators. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2010; 3 (9): 20-29.
  39. Yamasaki K., Schauber J., Coda A. et al. Kallikrein-mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin. FASEB J 2006; 20: 2068-2080.
  40. Yamasaki K., Nardo A. D., Bardan A. et al. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med 2007; 13: 975-980.
  41. Davydova A.V. et al. Molekulyarnye mekhanizmy patogeneza rozatsea. Saratovskiy nauchnomeditsinskiy zhurnal 2013; 9 (3): 561-565. [Давыдова А.В. et al. Молекулярные механизмы патогенеза розацеа. Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал. Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Саратовский государственный медицинский университет Федерального агентства по здравоохранению и социальному развитию, 2013; 9 (3): 561-565.]
  42. Peric M., Koglin S., Kim S. M. et al. IL-17A enhances vitamin D3-induced expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in human keratinocytes. J Immunol 2008; 181: 8504-8512.
  43. Khayrutdinov V.R. Rozatsea: sovremennye predstavleniya o patogeneze, klinicheskoy kartine i lechenii. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiyа 2014; (3): 32-37. [Хайрутдинов В.Р. Ро-зацеа: современные представления о патогенезе, клинической картине и лечении. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2014; 3: 32-37.]
  44. Yamasaki K., Gallo R. L. Rosacea as a disease of cathelicidins and skin innate immunity. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2011; 15 (1): 12-15.
  45. Reinholz M., Ruzicka T., Schauber J. Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24 (2): 126-135.
  46. Salzer S., Kresse S., Hirai Y., Koglin S., Ruzicka T., Schauber J. Cathelicidin peptide LL-37 increases UVB-triggered inflammasome activation: Possible implications for rosacea. J Derm Sci 2014; 76 (3): 173-179.
  47. Koczulla R., von Degenfeld G., Kupatt C. et al. An angiogenic role for the human peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18. J Clin Invest 2003; 111 (11): 1665-1672.
  48. Chen X., Niyonsaba F., Ushio H. et al. Human cathelicidin LL-37 increases vascular permeability in the skin via mast cell activation, and phosphorylates MAP kinases p38 and ERK in mast cells. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 43 (1): 63-66.
  49. Elewski B. E., Draelos Z., Dréno B. et al. Rosacea - global diversity and optimized outcome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25 (2): 188-200.
  50. Antal A. S., Dombrowski Y., Koglin S. et al. Impact of vitamin D3 on cutaneous immunity and antimicrobial peptide expression. Dermatoendocrinol 2011; 3: 18-22.
  51. Jones D. A. Rosacea, reactive oxygen species, and azelaic acid. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2009; 2: 26-30.
  52. Laquer V., Hoang V., Nguyen A. et al. Angiogenesis in cutaneous disease: Part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61: 945-958.
  53. Schauber J., Gallo R. L. The vitamin D pathway: A new target for control of the skin’s immune response? Exp Dermatol 2008; 17: 633-639.
  54. Palatsi R., Kelhälä H.-L., Hägg P. [New insights in the pathogenesis and treatment of rosacea]. Duodecim 2012; 128: 2327-2335.
  55. Yamasaki K., Kanada K., Macleod D. T. et al. TLR2 expression is increased in rosacea and stimulates enhanced serine protease production by keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. The Society for Investigative Dermatology Inc 2011; 131 (3): 688-697.
  56. Obgol'ts I.A., Nemchaninova O.B. Novye podkhody k terapii rozatsea. Sovrem probl dermatovenerol, immunol vrach kosmetol 2010; (4): 15-19. [Обгольц И.А., Немчанинова О.Б. Новые подходы к терапии розацеа. Современные проблемы дерматовенерологии, иммунологии и врачебной косметологии. 2010; 4: 15-19.]
  57. Flint I. D., Wilkin J. K. Acquired persistent erythematous patch on the neck. Acquired nevus flammeus. Arch Dermatol 1994: 130 (4): 509, 512.
  58. Drummond P. D., S. D. Blushing in rosacea sufferers. J Psychosom Res 2012; 72 (2): 153-8.
  59. Gomaa A. H. A., Yaar M., Eyada M. M. et al. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in non-phymatous rosacea. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34 (10): 748-753.
  60. Olisova O.Yu., Dodina M.I., Kushlinskiy N.E. Rol' faktora rosta sosudistogo endoteliya v patogeneze rozatsea i ego medikamentoznaya korrektsiya. Klin dermatol i venerol 2012; (1): 49-55. [Олисова О.Ю., Додина М.И., Кушлинский Н.Е. Роль фактора роста сосудистого эндотелия в патогенезе розацеа и его медикаментозная коррекция. Клин дерматол венерол 2012; 1: 49-55.]
  61. Wilkin J. K. Why is flushing limited to a mostly facial cutaneous distribution? J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; (19): 309-313.
  62. Buechner S. A. Rosacea: An update. Dermatology 2005; 210: 100-108.
  63. Diamantis S., Waldorf H. A. Rosacea: clinical presentation and pathophysiology. J Drugs Dermatol 2006; 5: 8-12.
  64. Darlenski R., Kazandjieva J., Tsankov N. et al. Acute irritant threshold correlates with barrier function, skin hydration and contact hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis and rosacea. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22: 752-753.
  65. Meyer-Hoffert U., Schröder J.-M. Epidermal Proteases in the Pathogenesis of Rosacea. J Investig Dermatology Symp Proc 2011; 15: 16-23.
  66. Voegeli R., Rawlings A. V., Doppler S. et al. Increased basal transepidermal water loss leads to elevation of some but not all stratum corneum serine proteases. Int J Cosmet Sci 2008; 30: 435-442.
  67. Rios-Yuil J. M., Mercadillo-Perez P. Evaluation of Demodex folliculorum as a Risk Factor for the Diagnosis of Rosacea In Skin Biopsies. Mexico’s General Hospital (1975-2010). Indian J Dermatol 2013; 58: 157.
  68. Holmes A. D. Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 1025-1032.
  69. Wollina U. Recent advances in the understanding and management of rosacea. F1000Prime Rep 2014; 6: 50.
  70. Boixeda de Miquel D., Vazquez Romero M., Vazquez Sequeiros E. et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in rosacea patients. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2006; 98: 501-509.
  71. Herr H., You C. H. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and rosacea: It may be a myth. J Korean Med Sci 2000; 15: 551-554.
  72. Spoendlin J., Voegel J. J., Jick S. S. et al. Migraine, triptans, and the risk of developing rosacea: A population-based study within the United Kingdom. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 399-406.
  73. Spoendlin J., Schneider C., Jick S. S. et al. Migraine in patients with rosacea. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011; 20: 199-200.
  74. Berg M., Lidén S. Postmenopausal female rosacea patients are more disposed to react with migraine. Dermatology 1996: 193 (1): 73-74.
  75. Gupta M. A., Gupta A. K., Chen S. J. et al. Comorbidity of rosacea and depression: an analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey - Outpatient Department data collected by the U. S. National Center for Health Statistics from 1995 to 2002. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153 (6): 1176-1181.
  76. Aroni K., Tsagroni E., Kavantzas N. et al. A study of the pathogenesis of Rosacea: How angiogenesis and mast cells may participate in a complex multifactorial process. Arch Dermatol Res 200; 300: 125-131.
  77. Cribier B. Pathophysiology of rosacea: Redness, telangiectasia, and rosacea. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011; 138: 184-191.
  78. Cribier B. Rosacea under the microscope: Characteristic histological findings. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 2013; 27: 1336-1343.
  79. Aroni K., Tsagroni E., Lazaris A. C. et al. Rosacea: A clinicopathological approach. Dermatology 2004; 209: 177-182.
  80. Aloi F., Tomasini C., Soro E. et al. The clinico-pathologic spectrum of rhinophyma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42: 468-472.
  81. Tope W. D., Sangueza O. P. Rhinophyma’s fibrous variant. Histopathology and immuno-histochemistry. Am J Dermatopathol 1994; 16: 307-310.
  82. Zouboulis C., Katsambas A., Kligman A. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea / ed. Zouboulis C. C., Katsambas A. D., Kligman A. M. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014.
  83. Adams A. K., Davis J. L., Davis M. D. et al. What is your diagnosis? Granulomatous rosacea (Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei, acne agminata). Cutis 2008; 82 (2): 103, 111-112.
  84. Batra M., Bansal C., Tulsyan S. Granulomatous rosacea: Unusual presentation as solitary plaque. Dermatol Online J 2011; 17 (2): 9.
  85. Pankina E. S., Arayijskaya E. R., Petrischev N. N. et al. Microcirculation in the patients with rosacea. Basic skin care as a part of complex therapy 2007; 9 (2): 79.
  86. Wilkin J. Dahl M., Detmar M. et al. Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46 (4): 584-587.
  87. Crawford G. H., Pelle M. T., James W. D. Rosacea: I. Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 327-341.
  88. Jansen T. Clinical presentations and classification of rosacea. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011; 138: 192-200.
  89. Jansen T., Plewig G. Rosacea: classification and treatment. J R Soc Med 1997; 90 (3): 144-150.
  90. Rebora A. Rosacea. J Invest Dermatol 1987; 88 (3): 56-60.
  91. Wilkin J. K. Rosacea. Pathophysiology and treatment. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130 (3): 359-362.
  92. Wilkin J. K. Flushing reactions: Consequences and mechanisms. Ann Intern Med 1981; 95: 468-476.
  93. Greaves M. W., Burova E. P. Flushing: causes, investigation and clinical consequences. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 1997; 8 (2): 91-100.
  94. Powell F. C. Clinical practice. Rosacea. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (8): 793-803.
  95. Wilkin J., Dahl M., Detmar M. et al. Standard grading system for rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the classification and staging of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 50 (6): 907-912.
  96. Berg M., Liden S. An epidemiological study of rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol 1989; 69: 419-423.
  97. Pereira T. M., Vieira A. P., Basto A. S. Rosacea with extensive extrafacial lesions. Int J Dermatol 2008: 47: 52-55.
  98. Wilkin J. K. Epigastric rosacea. Arch Dermatol 1980; 116: 584.
  99. Hong E., Fischer G. Childhood ocular rosacea: Considerations for diagnosis and treatment. Australas J Dermatol 2009; 50: 272-275.
  100. Chamaillard M., Mortemousque B., Boralevi F. et al. Cutaneous and ocular signs of childhood rosacea. Arch Dermatol 2008; 144: 167-171.
  101. Ehmann L. M., Meller S., Homey B. [Successful treatment of granulomatous rosacea with dapsone]. Hautarzt 2013; 64: 226-228.
  102. Messikh R., Try C., Bennani B. et al. [Efficacy of diuretics in the treatment of Morbihan’s disease: three cases]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139: 559-563.
  103. Ranu H., Lee J., Hee T. H. Successful treatment of Morbihan’s disease with oral prednisolone and doxycycline. Dermatol Ther 2010; 23: 682-685.
  104. Lehmann P. [Rosacea: Clinical features and classification]. Hautarzt 2013; 64: 489-493.
  105. Bhat Y. J., Manzoor S., Qayoom S. Steroid-induced rosacea: a clinical study of 200 patients. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56: 30-32.
  106. Plewig G., Kligman A. M. ACNE and ROSACEA. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1993.
  107. Vieira A. C., Mannis M. J. Ocular rosacea: Common and commonly missed. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69: 36-41.
  108. Oltz M., Check J. Rosacea and its ocular manifestations. Optometry 2011; 82: 92-103.
  109. Lazaridou E., Fotiadou C., Ziakas N. G. et al. Clinical and laboratory study of ocular rosacea in northern Greece. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 2011; 25: 1428-1431.
  110. Samtsov A.V. Akne i akneformnye dermatozy: monografiya. M: Knizhnyy mir; 2009. [Самцов А.В. Акне и акнеформные дерматозы: монография // J. Cosmet. Dermatological Sci. Appl. М: ЮТКОМ, 2009. 287.]
  111. Tuzum Y. et al. Rosacea and rhinophyma. Clin Dermatol 2014; 32 (1): 35-46.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2015 Kubanova A.A., Makhakova Y.B.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 60448 от 30.12.2014.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies